Culture and Disease Essay

Intestinal sickness is one of the infections that are answerable for the most noteworthy mortality and grimness rates in Africa particularly among kids (World Bank, 2009). Truth be told, it is one of the best general wellbeing worries in Africa and the vast majority of the wellbeing programs are focused on anticipation and treatment of the infection (World Bank, 2009). This illness is regular among Africans contrasted with other ethnic gatherings because of monetary, social, financial and social components. In an offer to battle this scourge, Africans have been utilizing a few techniques to control the spread of intestinal sickness and the strategies have included both the advanced and customary methodologies. Intestinal sickness is an irresistible ailment which is generally brought about by a parasite that is known as plasmodium. These parasites are protozoan in nature and they are of a few animal types which incorporate Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium vivax (Sherman, 1998). Among these species, the most genuine and lethal species to individuals is P. falciparum. The plasmodium is transmitted to people by the female anopheles mosquitoes and its lifecycle includes two hosts which are the human host and a mosquito vector (Sherman, 1998). In the lifecycle of the plasmodium it structures sporozoites which are found in the gut of the female mosquito (Russel and Wolfe, 2008). The female mosquito transmits the sporozoites to individuals through a nibble. These sporozoites move into the human liver where they enter the liver cells and develop into a schizont which contains various merozoites (Russel and Wolfe, 2008). These merozoites are discharged into circulatory system where they attack the red cells subsequently shaping schizonts with various merozoites. These are discharged from the red platelets into circulation system where they attack progressively red cells. As the red cells are blasting to discharge the merozoites, poisonous mixes are discharged which causes the fever and the clinical manifestations that are related with jungle fever (Russel and Wolfe, 2008). In the circulation system, a portion of the merozoites separate into the male and female gametes which are taken up by the mosquito from the tainted individual and these two treat each other in the gut of the mosquito and they form into sporozoites (Russel and Wolfe, 2008). These are transmitted to another individual through a nibble by the mosquito. Despite the fact that the vital method of intestinal sickness transmission is by mosquito chomps, there are different techniques that can transmit the malarial parasite. One of these is blood transfusion following presence of lethargic plasmodium parasites in the donor’s blood. This can make the transfused individual to experience the ill effects of a febrile ailment and thus in regions where intestinal sickness is endemic a full course of chloroquine is controlled to possible beneficiaries of blood (Kakkilaya, 2006). Another method of transmission will be transmission from mother to kid among pregnant ladies. These parasites go to the kid through the placenta particularly if the mother has no resistance (Kakkilaya, 2006). The last method of transmission is through needle stick injury which can be either coincidental as occurs among social insurance suppliers or deliberate as occurs among sedate addicts who offer needles (Kakkilaya, 2006). There are a few factors that make Africans helpless against jungle fever and one of these are the ecological elements which add to spread of the ailment. Regardless, jungle fever is an atmosphere related malady where it is for the most part found in the tropic and subtropic districts. The atmosphere in Africa especially the yearly mean temperature is for the most part inside the resilience furthest reaches of the plasmodium species and this makes the parasite to flourish consequently rendering the populaces living around there helpless (Leary, 2008). Another natural factor is climate unsettling influences in Africa which impacts the reproducing locales of the vectors in this way expanding the transmission capability of intestinal sickness (Leary, 2008). These climate unsettling influences happen as drawn out dry spells and substantial downpours. There are a few social and social factors that make Africans helpless against jungle fever illness. One of these is expanded human populace in Africa and this has prompted swamp recovery and deforestation in an offer to discover more land for settlement. The impact of these exercises has been the formation of puddles which gives great reproducing destinations to the mosquitoes which thus transmit intestinal sickness (Leary, 2008). At the point when the vegetation is evacuated, what happens is that the temperatures increment and this guides in jungle fever transmission. Another factor is self prescription where numerous individuals in Africa purchase sedates over the counter and treat themselves at home (Leary, 2008). This has prompted advancement of medication safe strains of plasmodium requiring consistent substitution of against malarial medications. This has made the populaces in Africa powerless to the ailment since as opposed to managing the issue the populaces make more issues by making drug safe strains of plasmodium. Furthermore, numerous individuals treat themselves with hostile to malarial medications that have just been managed as ineffectual in this manner putting themselves in danger of creating genuine and confused jungle fever (Leary, 2008). Another factor is absence of information on the ailment among both the networks and the general wellbeing authorities. An examination done in 2004 indicated that in East Africa individuals are required by the Public Health Act to clear the hedges around their homes as a method of forestalling the spread of yellow fever yet considers have demonstrated that freeing from brambles makes ideal rearing conditions for intestinal sickness (Leary, 2008). This builds the powerlessness of Africans to jungle fever illness since viable measures are not taken to forestall spread of intestinal sickness. Monetary factors likewise increment the defenselessness of Africans to jungle fever. Neediness levels in Africa are high which implies that there are lacking monetary assets to put resources into social insurance along these lines making individuals defenseless against jungle fever plagues. A large portion of the populaces here live beneath a dollar daily and furthermore instances of food deficiencies are extremely basic which focuses on acquiring food instead of jungle fever counteraction (Leary, 2008). These monetary hardships additionally make it hard for populaces to look for good social insurance administrations. Most simply go to the private centers or to the nearby dispensaries the majority of which have no gear for analysis accordingly bringing about improper remedies (Leary, 2008). Likewise, a portion of the clinical staff found in these social insurance offices are not qualified. The explanation with regards to why the vast majority of the individuals lean toward the neighborhood dispensaries is cost limitations where they can't manage the cost of mechanized vehicle and in this way like to utilize modest methods for transport, for example, bikes (Leary, 2008). Fantasies and social convictions likewise make Africans powerless against jungle fever. This is especially with respect to the reason and anticipation of jungle fever. A few people accept that jungle fever is brought about by black magic or extraordinary powers and a genuine model is Uganda where the populaces here partner spasms which are a type of malarial complexity with heavenly powers (Leary, 2008). This truly makes the populaces defenseless against jungle fever since they can't take measures to forestall intestinal sickness. Furthermore, because of such convictions, individuals who have intestinal sickness are not rewarded with regular medication which is increasingly successful yet are dealt with utilizing conventional medication which isn't excessively powerful. This makes the populaces defenseless to jungle fever scourges since the issue isn't being tended to subsequently guaranteeing the spread of the illness and expanding death rates. Others partner intestinal sickness with specific nourishments and a genuine model is populaces in Tanzania who accept that jungle fever is because of utilization of maize dinner (Leary, 2008). This conviction results from the way that maize dinners in Tanzania are generally devoured in the midst of food deficiencies which happen following excessively or too little precipitation (Leary, 2008). These climatic conditions are likewise connected with expanded instances of jungle fever. In any case, the populaces partner intestinal sickness with the food they usually eat around then and hence they don't eat maize suppers as a method of battling jungle fever (Leary, 2008). This lone serves to make them progressively helpless against jungle fever. There are a few techniques that are utilized to control the spread of intestinal sickness. A portion of these strategies are planned for bringing introduction down to irresistible mosquito chomps and these incorporate indoor showering utilizing bug sprays, utilization of bed nets that are bug spray rewarded, and utilization of repellants (Falola and Heaton, 2007). Bug sprays are utilized to decrease the quantity of grown-up mosquitoes while materials, for example, repellants repulse mosquitoes from an individual in this manner checking the spread of the illness. Another technique includes treatment of the malady utilizing drugs. In spite of the fact that tranquilize obstruction has been an incredible issue in battling intestinal sickness, drugs have demonstrated to be powerful in stifling the parasite inside the host in this way forestalling additionally spread of the illness (Falola and Heaton, 2007). Other treatment strategies include meddling with the rearing destinations of mosquitoes and these incorporate depleting of stale water and showering of reproducing locales with bug sprays. Aside from these strategies for forestalling the spread of jungle fever, the African populace has its elective techniques for managing intestinal sickness. One of these includes utilization of conventional medication. Customary healers in Africa analyze and treat intestinal sickness utilizing indigenous roots, herbs, and leaves which are normally arranged and taken orally (Maslove et al. , 2009). This goes about as an obstruction to the battle against jungle fever since their finding depends only on side effects and not demonstrative proof which may prompt ill-advised treatment in this manner further spread of intestinal sickness because of deferred treatment (Maslove et al. , 2009). Customarily, Africans have depended on great sanitation practices, for example, legitimate removal of trash and depleting of marshes as a method of forestalling jungle fever and cutting-edge the

Letter of Transmittal Essays - Zika Virus, Health, Medicine

MITs Undergraduate Research Journal Get your work published!

MIT’s Undergraduate Research Journal Get your work published! Its that time of the year again MITs Undergraduate Research Journal (MURJ) is looking for submissions (due October 10th) for our Fall 2005 issue! MURJ is a student-run journal that publishes articles about research going on at MIT and around the world. We publish four types of research: 1. News: Summaries of breakthroughs at MIT and beyond. -Some MIT news headlines include: *Macular Degeneration Induces Reorganization in the Visual Cortex *MIT Undergrad IDs Supersized Stars *Study Reviews Supply Chain Prophecies *Fusion Experiment Joins MIT and Columbia -Some world news headlines include: *Chunk of Universes Missing Matter Found *Why Do Insects Stop Breathing To Avoid Damage from Too Much Oxygen, Say Researchers, Challenging Previous Theories *Compound in Carrots Reduces Cancer Risk 2. UROP Summaries (hurray!): Students write 1-3 paragraphs about their UROP work, explaining their experimental procedures and results. -Features summaries by undergrads of all ages and research areas. 3. Features: Essays about controversial topics in research. *Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiac Risk: Should Menopausal Women Take Hormone Therapy? A Cardiac Risk Assessment of Hormone as Medication (by Dejah Judelson) *Development Engineering: Are Engineers Making a Difference in the Developing World? (by Monica Lewis) *Tuning the Sound Bytes: Digital Electronic Technology in Music (by Sharon H. Chou) 4. Reports: Lab reports with quantitative data by MIT undergraduates. *Municipal Solid Waste: Effect of State-Level Programs on Waste Reduction and Increased Recycling (by Matthew V. Brooks) *Application of the Suspended Microchannel Resonator as a Biosensing Device to Profiling Signal Transduction in Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (by Lili Peng) *Unexplained Pawn Pricing Behavior: A Study of Las Vegas Pawnshops (by Jen-Jen Lao) If you are interested in submitting a UROP summary, feature essay, or report, email [emailprotected] and send the article as an attachment. Its easy (especially to do a UROP summary), fun, and you get to have your work published for all to see!!! Im on the editorial board and Id love to see some submissions from people who read my blog =) If youd like to join the MURJ team to write News summaries or doing editing, email me at [emailprotected] or [emailprotected]. In any case, pick up your very own copy at the end of IAP!

Critical Thinking Exercises for Students

Critical thinking is a skill that students develop gradually as they progress in school. While the skill becomes more important in higher grades, some students find it difficult to understand the concept of critical thinking. The reason critical thinking can be difficult to grasp is because it requires students to set aside assumptions and beliefs to learn to think without bias or judgment. Critical thinking involves suspending your beliefs to explore and question topics from a blank page point of view. It also involves the ability to distinguish fact from opinion when exploring a topic. These exercises are designed to help develop critical thinking skills. Critical Thinking Exercise 1: Tour Guide for an Alien This exercise provides an opportunity to think outside your normal way of thinking. Pretend that you have been assigned the task of conducting a tour for aliens who are visiting the earth and observing human life. Youre riding along in a blimp, viewing the landscape below, and you float over a professional baseball stadium. One of the aliens looks down and is very confused by what he sees. You explain that there is a game going on and he asks several important questions. What is a game?  Why are there no female players?Why do people get so excited about watching other people play games?What is a team?Why cant the people in the seats go down on the field and join in? If you try to answer these questions fully, it will quickly become apparent that we carry around certain assumptions and values. We support a certain team, for instance, because it makes us feel like were a part of a community. This sense of community is a value that matters to some people more than others. Furthermore, when trying to explain team sports to an alien, you have to explain the value we place on winning and losing. When you think like an alien tour guide, you are forced to take a deeper look at the things we do and things we value. Sometimes they dont sound logical from the outside looking in. Critical Thinking Exercise 2: Fact or Opinion Do you think you know the difference between fact and opinion? Its not always easy to discern. When you visit websites, do you believe everything you read? The abundance of available information makes it more important than ever for students to develop critical thinking skills. Additionally, its an important reminder that you must use trustworthy sources in your school work. If you dont learn the difference between fact and opinion, you may end up reading and watching things that continue to reinforce beliefs and assumptions you already own. For this exercise, read each statement and try to determine whether it sounds like a fact or an opinion. This can be completed alone or with a study partner. My mom is the best mom on earth.My dad is taller than your dad.My telephone number is difficult to memorize.The deepest part of the ocean is 35,813 feet deep.Dogs make better pets than turtles.Smoking is bad for your health.Eighty-five percent of all cases of lung cancer in the U.S. are caused by smoking.If you flatten and stretch out a Slinky toy it will be 87 feet long.Slinky toys are fun.One out of every one hundred American citizens is color blind.Two out of ten American citizens are boring. You will probably find some of the statements easy to judge but other statements difficult. If you can effectively debate the truthfulness of a statement with your partner, then its most likely an opinion.

My Views On My Childhood - 1078 Words

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But the similarities in between our morals and the affection for each other have brought us the joy and satisfaction of what we have earned that we will always carry for the rest of our lives. It was I believe the first time I made my parents truly proud when I got accepted into one of the best secondary schools in Bangladesh. The school is run by the Christian missionary and follows the Cambridge International Examinations (British) curriculum. It is every parents’ dream to get their children into this school. I was really nervous about the homework pressure that they implement over the students but was thrilled to meet new friends. But in the first day of class, IShow MoreRelatedViews on Childhood: My Heart Leaps Up by William Wordsworth1149 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Wordsworth once wrote a poem called My Heart Leaps Up in which he claims that â€Å"The Child is father of the Man;† this quote provides a basic understanding of his views on childhood (Allison 240). 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Best Skin Care Products for Women in Their 50’s Free Essays

AGODI CHIOMA Page 15, Allure Vanguard October 7th Edition, compiled by Davina Ayodele http://issuu. com/vanguardngr/docs/07102012 allure/1 TITLE: Best skin care products for women in their 50’s The purpose of this report is to identify how the writer uses the marketing mix and the 4p’s to attract their specific target market. Whether you are young or old, skin care is an important part of caring for your body. We will write a custom essay sample on Best Skin Care Products for Women in Their 50’s or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s no wonder that skin care companies spend much time coming up with formulations designed to reach diverse markets. There are specific products for various age groups, skin types, life styles and budgets. To effectively market a skin care line, marketers must cover some key areas. Our primarily focus on this analysis would be on skin care products for women in their 50’s. The writer of the article has been able to identify and understand the market needs of women in their 50’s, thus providing products that offer anti-aging treatment. Knowing your market is necessary as you market your skin care products, thoroughly research those customer’s to help you identify the type of ingredients you need to include in your products to help improve aged skin. With knowledge of the market, you can discover where your target customers are, their budgets, ingredients that are important to them and where they get their information’s about anti – aging products. Taking a deeper look at the article using the different concepts of marketing, the writer has been able to understand and identify customer issues; â€Å"our skin loses elasticity and the constant pull of gravity weight against us, and this affects the decline in estrogen levels†. The writer further went on to explain that â€Å"we could opt for a face lift with a nip and tuck or maybe a BOTOX injection; these treatments are costly and needs maintenance several times a year†. Satisfying a customer’s need should be relatively affordable and reachable to the masses. In other to balance the benefits of the best skin care products with the cost of the face lift, the writer came up with options of affordable anti – aging cream such as life cell, murad resurgence, oil of olay, simone france anti – aging formula, trivectin SD. These creams are more economical and give women the benefit to age gracefully. Marketing is simply about balancing benefits and costs. The face lift would satisfy small markets at a rare basis, but the aging cream would have larger markets for it because it’s easily affordable and reachable. It can be seen that differences do exist between a face life and an aging cream, this can be seen in the marketing varia bles which are the basis of segmentation such as income and geographic values. In a competitive market, the anti – aging cream has been able to identify the target market segments in other to be at the cutting edge. Differences between the two products are evident with respect to product, place, price and promotion. Face lift relies heavily on price, anti – aging cream relies on the success to satisfy customer’s needs, thereby performing same function as face lift in a different concept at a lower cost. How to cite Best Skin Care Products for Women in Their 50’s, Essay examples

Best Skin Care Products for Women in Their 50’s Free Essays

AGODI CHIOMA Page 15, Allure Vanguard October 7th Edition, compiled by Davina Ayodele http://issuu. com/vanguardngr/docs/07102012 allure/1 TITLE: Best skin care products for women in their 50’s The purpose of this report is to identify how the writer uses the marketing mix and the 4p’s to attract their specific target market. Whether you are young or old, skin care is an important part of caring for your body. We will write a custom essay sample on Best Skin Care Products for Women in Their 50’s or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s no wonder that skin care companies spend much time coming up with formulations designed to reach diverse markets. There are specific products for various age groups, skin types, life styles and budgets. To effectively market a skin care line, marketers must cover some key areas. Our primarily focus on this analysis would be on skin care products for women in their 50’s. The writer of the article has been able to identify and understand the market needs of women in their 50’s, thus providing products that offer anti-aging treatment. Knowing your market is necessary as you market your skin care products, thoroughly research those customer’s to help you identify the type of ingredients you need to include in your products to help improve aged skin. With knowledge of the market, you can discover where your target customers are, their budgets, ingredients that are important to them and where they get their information’s about anti – aging products. Taking a deeper look at the article using the different concepts of marketing, the writer has been able to understand and identify customer issues; â€Å"our skin loses elasticity and the constant pull of gravity weight against us, and this affects the decline in estrogen levels†. The writer further went on to explain that â€Å"we could opt for a face lift with a nip and tuck or maybe a BOTOX injection; these treatments are costly and needs maintenance several times a year†. Satisfying a customer’s need should be relatively affordable and reachable to the masses. In other to balance the benefits of the best skin care products with the cost of the face lift, the writer came up with options of affordable anti – aging cream such as life cell, murad resurgence, oil of olay, simone france anti – aging formula, trivectin SD. These creams are more economical and give women the benefit to age gracefully. Marketing is simply about balancing benefits and costs. The face lift would satisfy small markets at a rare basis, but the aging cream would have larger markets for it because it’s easily affordable and reachable. It can be seen that differences do exist between a face life and an aging cream, this can be seen in the marketing varia bles which are the basis of segmentation such as income and geographic values. In a competitive market, the anti – aging cream has been able to identify the target market segments in other to be at the cutting edge. Differences between the two products are evident with respect to product, place, price and promotion. Face lift relies heavily on price, anti – aging cream relies on the success to satisfy customer’s needs, thereby performing same function as face lift in a different concept at a lower cost. How to cite Best Skin Care Products for Women in Their 50’s, Essay examples